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Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 997 million metric tons (1,099 million short tons) in FY 2023-24. Around 20% of coal is imported.
CIL is the largest coal producing company in the world. It produced 536.51 MT (million tonne) coal during FY 2015–16. [27] Coal India operates through 83 mining areas in 8 states of India. As on 1 April 2015, it has 430 coal mines out of which 175 are open cast, 227 are underground and 28 are mixed mines. [7]
The mining activities in these coalfields started in 1894 and had really intensified in 1925. The first Indians to arrive and break monopoly of British in Coal mining were Gujarati railway contractors from Kutch [5] some of whom decided to plunge into the coal mining business and were thus the pioneers in starting coal mining in Jharia coalfields belt around 1890–95. [6]
Rat-hole mining or Rat mining [1] is a process of digging employed in North East India to extract coal, where a narrow hole is manually dug by extraction workers. The practice is banned by the National Green Tribunal; [2] [3] however, the techniques are still employed by artisanal mining operations in several parts of India, especially in Meghalaya.
Singareni Collieries has established a thermal power plant of 1,200 MW (2 X 600 MW) in the town of Jaipur in the Srirampur region in Mancherial district. There is a proposal to establish one more 800 MW unit at the Jaipur power plant. SCCL has planned for a 300 MW Solar Power Plant for its captive use in its coal mining areas.
The management of non-coking coal mines was taken over on 31 January 1973 and these were nationalised on 1 May 1973. Coal India Limited, a holding company, was formed in 1975, encompassing the entire coal industry. [6] In 2016–17, CIL produced 554.14 million tonnes of coal. It is the single-largest coal producer in the world.
The mining industry in India is a major economic activity which contributes significantly to the economy of India. The gross domestic product (GDP) contribution of the mining industry varies from 2.2% to 2.5% only but going by the GDP of the total industrial sector, it contributes around 10% to 11%. Even mining done on small scale contributes 6 ...
The major coal producing countries, though, such as China, Indonesia, India and Australia, have not reached peak production, with production increases replacing falls in Europe and the United States [1] and proposed mines under development. [2] The coal mining industry employs almost 2.7 million workers. [3]