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The standard definition of a left shift is an absolute band form count greater than 7700/microL. [3] There are competing explanations for the origin of the phrase "left shift," including the left-most button arrangement of early cell sorting machines [4] [5] and a 1920s publication by Josef Arneth, containing a graph in which immature neutrophils, with fewer segments, shifted the median left. [6]
Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response , [ 3 ] most commonly the result of infection , but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia .
Neutrophilia (also called neutrophil leukocytosis or occasionally neutrocytosis) is leukocytosis of neutrophils, that is, a high number of neutrophils in the blood. [1] Because neutrophils are the main type of granulocytes , mentions of granulocytosis often overlap in meaning with neutrophilia.
While many clinicians refer to the presence of neutrophilia as a "left shift", this is imprecise, as a left shift indicates the presence of immature neutrophil forms, [citation needed] but neutrophilia refers to the entire mass of neutrophils, both mature and immature. Neutrophilia can be indicative of:
A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...
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Toxic vacuolation is associated with sepsis, particularly when accompanied by toxic granulation. [4] The finding is also associated with bacterial infection, [3] alcohol toxicity, liver failure, [4] and treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, a cytokine drug used to increase the absolute neutrophil count in patients with neutropenia.