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These antibodies will circulate at low levels until an environmental trigger—such as infection, malignancy, or drug therapy, causes the upregulation of neutrophils. The neutrophils bind to p-ANCAs and subsequently release inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and lytic enzymes that cause endothelial injury resulting to inflammation ...
Cutaneous vasculitis is the most common type of vasulitis amongst those with systemic lupus erythematosus. [7] The clinical presentation is variable and can include superficial ulcerations, splinter hemorrhages, panniculitis, macules, erythema with necrosis or erythematous plaques, cutaneous infarction, livedo reticularis, bullous lesions of the extremities or urticaria lesions, papulonodular ...
GPA treatment depends on the severity of the disease. [8] Severe disease is typically treated with a combination of immunosuppressive medications such as rituximab or cyclophosphamide and high-dose corticosteroids to control the symptoms of the disease and azathioprine, methotrexate, or rituximab to keep the disease under control.
Vasculitis frequently coexists with infections, and several infections, including hepatitis B and C, HIV, infective endocarditis, and tuberculosis, are significant secondary causes of vasculitis. [35] Except for rheumatoid vasculitis, the majority of secondary vasculitis forms are exceedingly rare. [36]
Tumors, medications, allergic reactions, and infectious organisms are some of the recognized triggers for these conditions, even though the precise cause of many of them is unknown. Immune complex disease, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies , anti-endothelial cell antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity are examples of pathogenetic factors.
Treatment should be directed towards the specific underlying cause of the vasculitis. If no underlying cause is found and the vasculitis is truly limited to the skin then treatment is primarily supportive. [13] Such treatment involves measures such as leg elevation, stockings, and topical steroids to relieve itching/burning. If the vasculitis ...
Urticarial vasculitis (also known as "chronic urticaria as a manifestation of venulitis", "hypocomplementemic urticarial vasculitis syndrome", "hypocomplementemic vasculitis" and "unusual lupus-like syndrome") [1] is a skin condition characterized by fixed urticarial lesions that appear histologically as a vasculitis.
The treatment of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis includes both immune modulator therapy and treatment of any underlying medical conditions. [10] Rituximab may also be used in conjunction with glucocorticoids to inhibit B-cell proliferation and therefore decrease cryoglobulin production, although risks include infection and anemia. [6]