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Artaxerxes was probably born in the reign of his grandfather Darius I, to the emperor's son and heir, Xerxes I.In 465 BC, Xerxes I was murdered by Hazarapat ("commander of thousand") Artabanus, the commander of the royal bodyguard and the most powerful official in the Persian court, with the help of a eunuch, Aspamitres. [9]
Artaxerxes is the Latin form of the Greek Artaxerxes (Αρταξέρξης), itself from the Old Persian Artaxšaçā ("whose reign is through truth"). [2] It is known in other languages as; Elamite Ir-tak-ik-ša-iš-ša, Ir-da-ik-ša-iš-ša; Akkadian Ar-ta-ʾ-ḫa-šá-is-su; Middle Persian Ardaxšēr and New Persian Ardašīr.
Artaxerxes I Artaxerxes was another of Xerxes’ sons whom the succession fell to after the deaths of his father and older brothers. Artaxerxes ruled, following the death of his father from 465 to 424 BCE. Artaxerxes I's reign saw the beginning of the decline of the 27th dynasty, due to rising tensions and threats to total Persian control.
Ardakhshir I (also spelled Artaxerxes I; Aramaic: rtḥštry) was a dynast of Persis in the late 3rd-century BC, ruling sometime after 220 to c. 205 BC. Name [ edit ]
Reign of Artaxerxes II. [14] 397 BCE. The alternative proposed date of the mission of Ezra the Scribe (if he served under Artaxerxes II). [11] 400–300 BCE. Ezra–Nehemiah (Book of Ezra and Book of Nehemiah) is written. An early Hebrew form of 1 Esdras, an alternative account, is also possibly created. [15] [11] 359–338 BCE. Reign of ...
Levying a vast army, Artaxerxes marched into Egypt, and engaged Nectanebo II. After a year of fighting the Egyptian Pharaoh, Nectanebo inflicted a crushing defeat on the Persians with the support of mercenaries led by the Greek generals Diophantus and Lamius. [6] Artaxerxes was compelled to retreat and postpone his plans to reconquer Egypt.
Artaxerxes I of Persia (died 425 BC), Artaxerxes I Longimanus, r. 466–425 BC, son and successor of Xerxes I; Artaxerxes II of Persia (436 BC–358 BC), Artaxerxes II Mnemon, r. 404–358 BC, son and successor of Darius II; Artaxerxes III of Persia (425 BC–338 BC), Artaxerxes III Ochus, r. 358–338 BC, son and successor of Artaxerxes II
Artaxerxes II is reported to have had a number of wives. His main wife was Stateira, until she was poisoned by Artaxerxes' mother Parysatis in about 400 BC. [58] Artaxerxes II is said to have more than 115 sons from 350 wives. [59] [58] By Stateira Darius (probably aged over 50 in 366 BC) [60] Ariaspes or Ariarathes Ochus (Artaxerxes III)