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A CT scan is the preferred method of diagnosis; however, free air from a perforation can often be seen on plain X-ray. [2] Perforation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract typically requires emergency surgery in the form of an exploratory laparotomy. [2] This is usually carried out along with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. [2]
Attempts at removal can have severe and even lethal effects, such as the rupture of the colon wall by catheter or an acute angle of the fecaloma (stercoral perforation), followed by sepsis. It may also lead to stercoral perforation, a condition characterized by bowel perforation due to pressure necrosis from a fecal mass or fecaloma. [14] [15]
In cases of suspected bowel leak or perforation, gastrointestinal fistula, interloop abscess or other fluid collection, oncologic staging and surveillance, and CT colonography, oral positive contrast is useful in delineating the lesions. [3] 1% dilute barium solution can be administered orally for bowel preparation for CT scan of the abdomen. [4]
A lower gastrointestinal series is a medical procedure used to examine and diagnose problems with the human colon of the large intestine. Radiographs (X-ray pictures) are taken while barium sulfate, a radiocontrast agent, fills the colon via an enema through the rectum.
However, CT scan is the mainstay of diagnosing diverticulitis and its complications. [12] The diagnosis of acute diverticulitis is made confidently when the involved segment contains diverticula. [42] CT images reveal localized colon wall thickening, with inflammation extending into the fat surrounding the colon. [43]
The bowel may be perforated. [4] Gas within the abdominal cavity seen on CT is understood to be a diagnostic sign of bowel perforation ; however intra-abdominal air can also be caused by pneumothorax (air in the pleural cavity outside the lungs that has escaped from the respiratory system ) or pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum , the ...
Pneumoperitoneum is pneumatosis (abnormal presence of air or other gas) in the peritoneal cavity, a potential space within the abdominal cavity.The most common cause is a perforated abdominal organ, generally from a perforated peptic ulcer, although any part of the bowel may perforate from a benign ulcer, tumor or abdominal trauma.
Risk factors in adults include endometriosis, bowel adhesions, and intestinal tumors. [1] Diagnosis is often supported by medical imaging. [1] In children, ultrasound is preferred while in adults a CT scan is preferred. [1] Intussusception is an emergency requiring rapid treatment. [1]