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G-code (also RS-274) is the most widely used computer numerical control (CNC) and 3D printing programming language. It is used mainly in computer-aided manufacturing to control automated machine tools, as well as for 3D-printer slicer applications. The G stands for geometry. G-code has many variants.
The resulting file is then run by the control of the machine to generate tool motions and other machine actions. Most commonly, this file is in some form of RS-274 format instructions, commonly known as G-code .
PCB NC drill files convey PCB drilling and routing information. The NC formats were originally designed by CNC drill and route machine vendors as proprietary input formats for their equipment, and are known under their company name: Excellon, Hitachi, Sieb & Meyer, Posalux, etc.
STEP-NC interface on a CNC, showing product shape and color-coded tolerance state. STEP-NC is a machine tool control language that extends the ISO 10303 STEP standards with the machining model in ISO 14649, [1] adding geometric dimension and tolerance data for inspection, and the STEP PDM model for integration into the wider enterprise.
The majority of G-code programs start with a percent (%) symbol on the first line, then followed by an "O" with a numerical name for the program (i.e. "O0001") on the second line, then another percent (%) symbol on the last line of the program. The format for a G-code is the letter G followed by two to three digits; for example G01.
The operation of a CNC machine tool is typically controlled by a "part program" written a language known as G-code. [3]Canned cycles are similar in concept to functions in a traditional computer language, and can be compared also to G-code macros.
This is where CAM becomes especially vital and far outshines manual programming. Typically the CAM vector output is postprocessed into G-code by a postprocessor program that is tailored to the particular CNC control model. Some late-model CNC controls accept the vector output directly, and do the translation to servo inputs themselves, internally.
The part program is a sequence of instruction that describe the work that is to be done to a part. Typically these instructions are generated in Computer-aided manufacturing software and are then fed into the computer numerical control (CNC) software on the machines, such as drills, lathes, mills, grinders, routers, that are performing work on the part.