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Democracies and dictatorships in 2008 [1] Democracies and dictatorships in 1988 [1]. Democracy-Dictatorship (DD), [1] index of democracy and dictatorship [2] or simply the DD index [3] or the DD datasets was the binary measure of democracy and dictatorship first proposed by Adam Przeworski et al. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). [4]
Britannica and various authors noted that the policies of Vladimir Lenin, the first leader of the Soviet Union, contributed to the establishment of a totalitarian system in the USSR, [3] [7] but while some authors, such as Leszek Kolakowski, believed Stalinist totalitarianism to be a continuation of Leninism [7] and directly called Lenin's ...
The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators ...
These countries can have significant faults in other democratic aspects, including underdeveloped political culture, low levels of participation in politics, and issues in the functioning of governance. [6] Hybrid regimes are countries with regular electoral frauds, preventing them from being fair and free democracies. These countries commonly ...
Overview of current states espousing Marxism–Leninism; Country Local name Since Ruling party Ideology People's Republic of China [nb 1] Chinese: 中华人民共和国 Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó: 1 October 1949 () Communist Party of China: Socialism with Chinese characteristics Republic of Cuba: Spanish: República de Cuba
This is a list of coups d'état and coup attempts by country, listed in chronological order. A coup is an attempt to illegally overthrow a country's government. Scholars generally consider a coup successful when the usurpers are able to maintain control of the government for at least seven days.
Rule by a government under the sovereignty of rational laws and civic right as opposed to one under theocratic systems of government. In a nomocracy, ultimate and final authority (sovereignty) exists in the law. Cyberocracy: Rule by a computer, which decides based on computer code and efficient use of information. This is closely linked to ...
In its 2021 Democracy under Siege report, Freedom House downgraded India from "free" to "partly free", citing the response to the Citizenship Amendment Act protests. [109] In 2023, according to the Freedom in the World report by Freedom House , India was classified as a "partly free" country for the third consecutive year.