Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The kinetic theory of gases deals not only with gases in thermodynamic equilibrium, but also very importantly with gases not in thermodynamic equilibrium. This means using Kinetic Theory to consider what are known as "transport properties", such as viscosity, thermal conductivity, mass diffusivity and thermal diffusion.
In other words, the configuration of particle A in state 1 and particle B in state 2 is different from the case in which particle B is in state 1 and particle A is in state 2. This assumption leads to the proper (Boltzmann) statistics of particles in the energy states, but yields non-physical results for the entropy, as embodied in the Gibbs ...
The general equation can then be written as [6] = + + (),. where the "force" term corresponds to the forces exerted on the particles by an external influence (not by the particles themselves), the "diff" term represents the diffusion of particles, and "coll" is the collision term – accounting for the forces acting between particles in collisions.
The kinetic theory of gases applies to the classical ideal gas, which is an idealization of real gases. In real gases, there are various effects (e.g., van der Waals interactions , vortical flow, relativistic speed limits, and quantum exchange interactions ) that can make their speed distribution different from the Maxwell–Boltzmann form.
In the case of degenerate energy levels, we can write the partition function in terms of the contribution from energy levels (indexed by j) as follows: =, where g j is the degeneracy factor, or number of quantum states s that have the same energy level defined by E j = E s.
The kinetic isotope effect is the difference in the rate of a chemical reaction when an atom in one of the reactants is replaced by one of its isotopes. Chemical kinetics provides information on residence time and heat transfer in a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and the molar mass distribution in polymer chemistry.
James Clerk Maxwell introduced this approximation in 1867 [3] although its origins can be traced back to his first work on the kinetic theory in 1860. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The assumption of molecular chaos is the key ingredient that allows proceeding from the BBGKY hierarchy to Boltzmann's equation , by reducing the 2-particle distribution function ...
Kinetic theory may refer to: Kinetic theory of matter: A general account of the properties of matter, including solids liquids and gases, based around the idea that heat or temperature is a manifestation of atoms and molecules in constant agitation. Kinetic theory of gases, an account of gas properties in terms of motion and interaction of ...