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Causes include low dietary intake, alcoholism, diarrhea, increased urinary loss, and poor absorption from the intestines. [1] [4] [5] Some medications may also cause low magnesium, including proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and furosemide. [2] The diagnosis is typically based on finding low blood magnesium levels, also called hypomagnesemia. [6]
It can cause diarrhea, [8] nausea, vomiting, severely lowered blood pressure, confusion, slowed heart rate, respiratory paralysis. [7] In very severe cases, it can cause coma, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiac arrest and death. [7] Magnesium overdose can be counteracted by administering calcium gluconate. [9]
The review then notes that after 2006, many epidemiological studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses showed a relationship between magnesium and conditions like high blood pressure ...
It is hemodynamically unstable and causes a sudden drop in arterial blood pressure, leading to dizziness and fainting. Depending on their cause, most individual episodes of torsades de pointes revert to normal sinus rhythm within a few seconds; however, episodes may also persist and possibly degenerate into ventricular fibrillation , leading to ...
Low potassium also increases the risk of an abnormal heart rhythm, which is often too slow and can cause cardiac arrest. [21] [27] Causes of potassium deficiencyinclude vomiting, diarrhea, medications like furosemide and steroids, dialysis, diabetes insipidus, hyperaldosteronism, hypomagnesemia, and not enough intake in the diet. [21]
The most common adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are dose-related and arise from the effect of loop diuretics on diuresis and electrolyte balance. [citation needed] Common ADRs include: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dehydration, hyperuricemia, gout, dizziness, postural hypotension, syncope. [17]
A deficiency in magnesium (hypomagnesemia) can result in other symptoms such as brain fog, anxiety, and memory issues. How to maintain optimal levels of potassium and magnesium
The levels of chloride in the blood can help determine if there are underlying metabolic disorders. [20] Generally, chloride has an inverse relationship with bicarbonate, an electrolyte that indicates acid-base status. [20] Overall, treatment of chloride imbalances involve addressing the underlying cause rather than supplementing or avoiding ...