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Alfried was tried in a separate Nuremberg trial (the Krupp Trial) for the use of slave labor, thereby escaping worse charges and possible execution; found guilty in 1948, pardoned and all property returned 1951. Robert Ley: I – I: I No decision Head of DAF, German Labour Front. Died by suicide on 25 October 1945, before the trial began.
The trials gained so much attention that the "superior orders defense" has subsequently become interchangeable with the label "Nuremberg defense", a legal defense that essentially states that defendants were "only following orders" ("Befehl ist Befehl", literally "an order is an order") and so are not responsible for their crimes.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 31 December 2024. Series of military trials at the end of World War II For the film, see Nuremberg Trials (film). "International Military Tribunal" redirects here. For the Tokyo Trial, see International Military Tribunal for the Far East. International Military Tribunal Judges' bench during the tribunal ...
The Betrayal: The Nuremberg Trials and German Divergence. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-256374-3. Neave, Airey (1946). Colonel Neave Report: Final Report on the Evidence of Witnesses for the Defense of Organizations Alleged to be Criminal, Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 42 [1] Tusa, Ann; Tusa, John (2010) [1983]. The Nuremberg Trial.
The High Command Trial (officially, The United States of America vs. Wilhelm von Leeb, et al.), also known initially as Case No. 12 (the 13 Generals' Trial), [1] and later as Case No. 72 (the German high command trial: Trial of Wilhelm von Leeb and thirteen others), [2] was the last of the twelve trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone of Germany in Nuremberg ...
The subsequent Nuremberg trials were held by U.S. military courts and dealt with the cases of crimes against humanity committed by the business community of Nazi Germany, specifically the crimes of using slave labor and plundering occupied countries, and the war-crime cases of Wehrmacht officers who committed atrocities against Allied prisoners ...
The Einsatzgruppen trial (officially, The United States of America vs. Otto Ohlendorf, et al.) was the ninth of the twelve trials for war crimes and crimes against humanity that the US authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II.
The Caroline test is a 19th-century formulation of customary international law, reaffirmed by the Nuremberg Tribunal after World War II, which said that the necessity for preemptive self-defense must be "instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation."