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Medial medullary syndrome, also known as inferior alternating syndrome, hypoglossal alternating hemiplegia, lower alternating hemiplegia, [1] or Dejerine syndrome, [2] is a type of alternating hemiplegia characterized by a set of clinical features resulting from occlusion of the anterior spinal artery.
A heuristic model of the neural pathway of the Papez circuit shows the connections between its different parts. Based on Papez's experiment with aggression in rats and other studies, it was initially believed that the circuit was involved with emotion. The circuit connects the hypothalamus and the cortex and acts as the emotional system of the ...
According to him, the third part, the neocortex, controls speech and reasoning and is the most recent evolutionary arrival. [41] The concept of the limbic system has since been further expanded and developed by Walle Nauta , Lennart Heimer , and others.
Most famous parts of the brain highlighted in different colours The human brain anatomical regions are ordered following standard neuroanatomy hierarchies. Functional , connective , and developmental regions are listed in parentheses where appropriate.
Between the two pyramids can be seen a decussation of fibers which marks the transition from the medulla to the spinal cord. The medulla is above the decussation and the spinal cord below. From behind The appearance of a cadaveric brainstem from behind, with major parts labelled. The most medial part of the medulla is the posterior median sulcus.
The cortical and medial nuclei connect with the olfactory system and hypothalamus. [4] The central nucleus has extentive projections to the brainstem. [4] Anatomically, the amygdala [12] and more particularly, its central and medial nuclei [13] have sometimes been classified as a part of the basal ganglia.
The outer part of the cerebrum is the cerebral cortex, made up of grey matter arranged in layers. It is 2 to 4 millimetres (0.079 to 0.157 in) thick, and deeply folded to give a convoluted appearance. [21] Beneath the cortex is the cerebral white matter. The largest part of the cerebral cortex is the neocortex, which has
The hypoglossal nerve arises as a number of small rootlets from the front of the medulla, the bottom part of the brainstem, [1] [2] in the anterolateral sulcus which separates the olive and the pyramid. [3] The nerve passes through the subarachnoid space and pierces the dura mater near the hypoglossal canal, an opening in the occipital bone of ...
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