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Absence seizures are also known to occur to patients with porphyria and can be triggered by stress or other porphyrin-inducing factors. Childhood Absence Epilepsy. Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a type of idiopathic epilepsy characterized by its non-convulsive, generalized nature and a genetic origin influenced by multiple factors [20]
It is primarily effective in treating absence seizures, but can also be used in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. It is usually administered 3 or 4 times daily, with the total daily dose ranging from 900 mg to 2.4 g. Treatment is most effective when the concentration of its active metabolite, dimethadione, is above 700 μg/mL.
Ethosuximide, sold under the brand name Zarontin among others, is a medication used to treat absence seizures. [4] It may be used by itself or with other antiseizure medications such as valproic acid. [4] Ethosuximide is taken by mouth. [4] Ethosuximide is usually well tolerated. [5]
Syndromes are characterized into 4 groups based on epilepsy type: [1] a. Generalized onset epilepsy syndromes. These epilepsy syndromes have only generalized-onset seizures and include both the idiopathic generalized epilepsies (specifically childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and epilepsy with generalized tonic- clonic seizures alone), as well as ...
In the US, valproic acid is also prescribed as an anti-epileptic drug indicated for the treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder; monotherapy and adjunctive therapy of complex partial seizures and simple and complex absence seizures; adjunctive therapy in people with multiple seizure types that include absence seizures. [4] [5]
When used on its own, the term seizure usually refers to an epileptic seizure. The lay use of this word can also include sudden attacks of illness, loss of control, spasm or stroke. [ 4 ] Where the physician is uncertain as to the diagnosis, the medical term paroxysmal event and the lay terms spells , funny turns or attacks may be used.
A typical absences seizure usually last between 10 and 30 seconds. [3] Mild automatisms could be seen during the course of the absence and stop with the end of the absence seizure. When an EEG is recorded during the typical absence seizure, a 3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges is recorded starting with the start of the arrest of the activity. At ...
Therefore, almost all new epilepsy drugs are initially approved only as adjunctive (add-on) therapies. Patients whose epilepsy is uncontrolled by their medication (i.e., it is refractory to treatment) are selected to see if supplementing the medication with the new drug leads to an improvement in seizure control.
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