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  2. Axon terminal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon_terminal

    Axon terminals (also called terminal boutons, synaptic boutons, end-feet, or presynaptic terminals) are distal terminations of the branches of an axon. An axon, also called a nerve fiber, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those ...

  3. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    At the furthest end, the axon loses its insulation and begins to branch into several axon terminals. These presynaptic terminals, or synaptic boutons, are a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contains neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called synaptic vesicles. [citation needed]

  4. Axon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon

    An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis) or nerve fiber (or nerve fibre: see spelling differences) is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, in vertebrates, that typically conducts electrical impulses known as action potentials away from the nerve cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different ...

  5. Synaptic vesicle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synaptic_vesicle

    The area in the axon that holds groups of vesicles is an axon terminal or "terminal bouton". Up to 130 vesicles can be released per bouton over a ten-minute period of stimulation at 0.2 Hz. [ 1 ] In the visual cortex of the human brain, synaptic vesicles have an average diameter of 39.5 nanometers (nm) with a standard deviation of 5.1 nm.

  6. Chemical synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_synapse

    Chemical synapses pass information directionally from a presynaptic cell to a postsynaptic cell and are therefore asymmetric in structure and function. The presynaptic axon terminal, or synaptic bouton, is a specialized area within the axon of the presynaptic cell that contains neurotransmitters enclosed in small membrane-bound spheres called ...

  7. Axonal transport - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axonal_transport

    Axonal transport, also called axoplasmic transport or axoplasmic flow, is a cellular process responsible for movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other organelles to and from a neuron's cell body, through the cytoplasm of its axon called the axoplasm. [1]

  8. Axolemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axolemma

    In neuroscience, the axolemma (from Greek lemma 'membrane, envelope', and 'axo-' from axon [1]) is the cell membrane of an axon, [1] the branch of a neuron through which signals (action potentials) are transmitted. The axolemma is a three-layered, bilipid membrane. Under standard electron microscope preparations, the structure is approximately ...

  9. Cellular extensions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_extensions

    The arborization and branching of end-processes are one of the features responsible for the structural and functional similarities among various cell types. [ note 1 ] Podocytes and pericytes share many physiological properties due to their large surface areas and intricate network of primary and secondary processes that wrap around their ...