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  2. Extent of reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extent_of_reaction

    In physical chemistry and chemical engineering, extent of reaction is a quantity that measures the extent to which the reaction has proceeded. Often, it refers specifically to the value of the extent of reaction when equilibrium has been reached.

  3. Boiling-point elevation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiling-point_elevation

    In terms of chemical potential, at the boiling point, the liquid and gas phases have the same chemical potential. Adding a nonvolatile solute lowers the solvent’s chemical potential in the liquid phase, but the gas phase remains unaffected. This shifts the equilibrium between phases to a higher temperature, elevating the boiling point.

  4. Reaction rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_rate

    Iron rusting has a low reaction rate. This process is slow. Wood combustion has a high reaction rate. This process is fast. The reaction rate or rate of reaction is the speed at which a chemical reaction takes place, defined as proportional to the increase in the concentration of a product per unit time and to the decrease in the concentration of a reactant per unit time. [1]

  5. Arrhenius equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrhenius_equation

    In physical chemistry, the Arrhenius equation is a formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates.The equation was proposed by Svante Arrhenius in 1889, based on the work of Dutch chemist Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff who had noted in 1884 that the van 't Hoff equation for the temperature dependence of equilibrium constants suggests such a formula for the rates of both forward and ...

  6. Reaction rate constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_rate_constant

    where A and B are reactants C is a product a, b, and c are stoichiometric coefficients,. the reaction rate is often found to have the form: = [] [] Here ⁠ ⁠ is the reaction rate constant that depends on temperature, and [A] and [B] are the molar concentrations of substances A and B in moles per unit volume of solution, assuming the reaction is taking place throughout the volume of the ...

  7. Conversion (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_(chemistry)

    Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering.They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S ...

  8. Van 't Hoff equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_'t_Hoff_equation

    The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".

  9. Molar mass - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_mass

    In chemistry, the molar mass (M) (sometimes called molecular weight or formula weight, but see related quantities for usage) of a chemical compound is defined as the ratio between the mass and the amount of substance (measured in moles) of any sample of the compound. [1] The molar mass is a bulk, not molecular, property of a substance.