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In electronics, an avalanche diode is a diode (made from silicon or other semiconductor) that is designed to experience avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage. The junction of an avalanche diode is designed to prevent current concentration and resulting hot spots, so that the diode is undamaged by the breakdown.
There is a hysteresis effect; once avalanche breakdown has occurred, the material will continue to conduct even if the voltage across it drops below the breakdown voltage. This is different from a Zener diode, which will stop conducting once the reverse voltage drops below the breakdown voltage.
By applying a high reverse bias voltage, any photoelectric effect in the diode can be multiplied by the avalanche effect. Thus, the APD can be thought of as applying a high gain effect to the induced photocurrent. In general, the higher the reverse voltage, the higher the gain.
Commercial single-photon avalanche diode module for optical photons. A single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD), also called Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode [1] (G-APD or GM-APD [2]) is a solid-state photodetector within the same family as photodiodes and avalanche photodiodes (APDs), while also being fundamentally linked with basic diode behaviours.
Avalanche diodes These are diodes that conduct in the reverse direction when the reverse bias voltage exceeds the breakdown voltage. These are electrically very similar to Zener diodes (and are often mistakenly called Zener diodes), but break down by a different mechanism: the avalanche effect. This occurs when the reverse electric field ...
In general, diode junction breakdowns occurring below 5 volts are caused by the Zener effect, whereas breakdowns occurring above 5 volts are caused by the avalanche effect. [3] Breakdowns occurring at voltages close to 5 V are usually caused by some combination of the two effects.
Automotive Rectifiers from Diodes Incorporated Provide up to Ten Times Greater Avalanche Capability PLANO, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Diodes Incorporated (NAS: DIOD) , a leading global manufacturer ...
Although this mode is faster, the photoconductive mode can exhibit more electronic noise due to dark current or avalanche effects. [4] The leakage current of a good PIN diode is so low (<1 nA) that the Johnson–Nyquist noise of the load resistance in a typical circuit often dominates.
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