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Aromatase excess syndrome (AES or AEXS) is a rarely diagnosed genetic and endocrine syndrome which is characterized by an overexpression of aromatase, the enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the estrogen sex hormones from the androgens, in turn resulting in excessive levels of circulating estrogens and, accordingly, symptoms of hyperestrogenism.
Signs of hyperestrogenism may include heightened levels of one or more of the estrogen sex hormones (usually estradiol and/or estrone), lowered levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and/or luteinizing hormone (due to suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis by estrogen), and lowered levels of androgens such as testosterone (generally only relevant to males). [1]
While there can be many potential causes of male patients that present with increased breast tissue, differential diagnoses are most concerning for gynecomastia, pseudogynecomastia, and breast cancer (which is rare in men). Other potential causes of male breast enlargement such as mastitis, [27] [56] lipoma, sebaceous cyst, dermoid cyst ...
Conversely, “with too much testosterone, women often have acne, too much hair on the body, hair loss on the head, high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, skipped cycles, or problems ...
Too much estrogen in a male body is not a good thing; it can cause erectile dysfunction, or low libido." Elevated levels can also strain the heart and cause other muscle and ligament damage.
In trans men who take testosterone and have not had a hysterectomy, the conversion of testosterone into estrogen via androstenedione may lead to a higher risk of endometrial cancer. [24] Higher circulating testosterone levels in women have also been identified as an independent endometrial cancer risk factor.
This may shift the hormonal balance between androgens and estrogens toward having too much estrogen, which may increase the risk of prostate cancer. Conversely, finasteride has been found to ...
Men with breast cancer have an absolute risk of presenting with a second cancer in their other breast of 1.75, i.e. they have a 75% increase of developing a contralateral breast cancer over their lifetimes compared to men who develop a breast cancer without having had a prior breast cancer. [5]