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Evidence of corruption within the civil service comes from surveys conducted within the sector. Some surveys found out that almost half were found to have received bribes. Civil servants themselves admit to corruption. [1] In January 2012, it was reported that Indonesia has lost as much as Rp 2.13 trillion (US$238.6 million) to corruption in 2011.
Indonesia's rank on the Corruption Index has moved down since its peak position in 2007 to a predicted rank of 97 by the end of 2018. [4] Indonesia's corruption rank improved during the reign of the seventh president, Joko Widodo. During this administration, corrupt entities still managed to evade authorities despite many efforts.
Law No.30/2002 on the Corruption Eradication Commission was passed in 2002, providing a legal basis for the establishment of the KPK. [7] [8] Since then, the commission has engaged in significant work, revealing and prosecuting cases of corruption in crucial government bodies reaching as high as the Supreme Court.
Investigations into allegations of corruption against Indonesian former president/dictator Suharto began immediately after his 62-year rule. In Global Transparency Report, made by Transparency International in 2004, he was ranked as the world’s most corrupt leader.
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Indonesia Corruption Watch (ICW) is an Indonesian NGO whose primary mission is to monitor and publicise incidents of corruption in Indonesia. ICW is also heavily engaged in the prevention and deterrence of corruption through education, cultural change, prosecutions and system reform. [ 1 ]
The Bank Bali scandal occurred in Indonesia in 1999 when Golkar Party officials colluded with the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA) to coerce Bank Bali chief Rudy Ramli to pay an illegal commission of Rp546 billion (then equivalent to about US$80 million) to private company Era Giat Prima in order to collect Rp904.6 billion owed by two banks taken over by IBRA.
These are the justice and civil service sectors. While hard data on corruption is difficult to collect, corruption in Indonesia is clearly seen through public opinion, collated through surveys as well as observation of how each system runs. [13] Corruption is regarded as a huge expense to the Indonesian government. [14]