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The category of Elementary/Secondary Education has the highest employment per capita across states. [3] In 2012, three states (Arizona, Colorado, and Tennessee) passed major changes to their civil service hiring systems as part of a civil service reform movement, making it easier to hire and fire state employees. [4]
The United States federal civil service is the civilian workforce (i.e., non-elected and non-military public sector employees) of the United States federal government's departments and agencies. The federal civil service was established in 1871 (5 U.S.C. § 2101). [1]
One of the oldest examples of a civil service based on meritocracy is the Imperial bureaucracy of China, which can be traced as far back as the Qin dynasty (221–207 BC). However, the civil service examinations were practiced on a much smaller scale in comparison to the stronger, centralized bureaucracy of the Song dynasty (960–1279).
The competitive service is a part of the United States federal government civil service. Applicants for jobs in the competitive civil service must compete with other applicants in open competition under the merit system administered by the Office of Personnel Management , unlike applicants in the excepted service and Senior Executive Service .
Civil service examinations are examinations implemented in various countries for recruitment and admission to the civil service.They are intended as a method to achieve an effective, rational public administration on a merit system for recruiting prospective politicians and public sector employees.
(a) For the purpose of this title, the excepted service consists of those civil service positions which are not in the competitive service or the Senior Executive Service. (b) As used in other Acts of the United States Congress , “unclassified civil service” or “unclassified service” means the “excepted service”.
The same study found that workers with tenures of 10-25 years of service were served well by 10.9% of plans. Workers with less than 10 years of service were served well by .5% of plans. [18] In another study, Equable Institute found that the total lifetime value of teacher pension benefits have declined by $100,000 on average (13%) since 2005.
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978: encompassed a wide variety of reforms including the creation of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), The Federal Labor Relations Authority, and abolished the Civil Service Commission. The act seeks greater accountability of federal employees for their performance.