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Although the effects of soil liquefaction have been long understood, engineers took more notice after the 1964 Alaska earthquake and 1964 Niigata earthquake. It was a major cause of the destruction produced in San Francisco's Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, and in the Port of Kobe during the 1995 Great Hanshin earthquake.
The effects of soil liquefaction, seen after 2011 Canterbury earthquake. In geology, soil liquefaction refers to the process by which water-saturated, unconsolidated sediments are transformed into a substance that acts like a liquid, often in an earthquake. [6] Soil liquefaction was blamed for building collapses in the city of Palu, Indonesia ...
Coseismic liquefaction induced by one of the 2012 Emilia, Northern Italy, earthquakes. Secondary effects: mostly this is the intensity of the ground shaking (e.g., landslides, liquefaction, etc.). The importance of a tool to measure earthquake Intensity was already outlined early in the 1990s. [2]
The term ground failure is a general reference to landslides, liquefaction, lateral spreads, and any other consequence of shaking that affects the stability of the ground. This usually takes place as an after-effect of an earthquake, and is one of the major causes of destruction after an earthquake. Ground failures tend to happen almost every ...
An example of this is during the 1989 earthquake in San Francisco when sand boils brought up debris from the 1906 earthquake. This process is a result of liquefaction. By mapping the location of sand boils that erupted in the Marina District during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, scientists discovered the site of a lagoon that existed in 1906.
An aftershock is an earthquake that occurs after a previous earthquake, the mainshock. ... in the 1964 Alaska earthquake, soil liquefaction caused many buildings to ...
There have been just under 40 earthquakes of magnitude 6.0 or larger in the past century within 150 miles of Thursday’s earthquake, which was the most powerful to rattle the state since a 7.1 ...
RNZAF aerial survey of damage, showing flooding due to soil liquefaction in Christchurch; most of the land in the image was later red-zoned and all structures demolished Severe land damage immediately following the February 2011 earthquake in the suburb of Avondale, part of which was later placed in the red zone (note the bump in the road where soil liquefaction pushed up an underground storm ...