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The Centor criteria are a set of criteria which may be used to identify the likelihood of a bacterial infection in patients complaining of a sore throat. They were developed as a method to quickly diagnose the presence of Group A streptococcal infection or diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in "adult patients who presented to an urban emergency room complaining of a sore throat."
A scoring system, such as the Centor score, may help separate possible causes. [1] [5] Confirmation may be by a throat swab or rapid strep test. [1] [5] Treatment efforts involve improving symptoms and decreasing complications. [5] Paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen may be used to help with pain.
The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends against routine antibiotic treatment and considers antibiotics only appropriate when given after a positive test. [8] Testing is not needed in children under three as both group A strep and rheumatic fever are rare, unless a child has a sibling with the disease. [8]
The Infectious Disease Society of America recommends against empirical treatment and considers antibiotics only appropriate following positive testing. [29] Testing is not needed in children under three, as both group A strep and rheumatic fever are rare, except if they have a sibling with the disease.
For sore throat caused by bacteria (GAS), treatment with antibiotics may help the person get better faster, reduce the risk that the bacterial infection spreads, prevent retropharyngeal abscesses and quinsy, and reduce the risk of other complications such as rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. [2]
Treatment can also be given while a patient is under anesthesia, but this is usually reserved for children or anxious patients. Tonsillectomy can be indicated if a patient has recurring peritonsillar abscesses or a history of tonsillitis. For patients with their first peritonsillar abscess most ENT-surgeons prefer to "wait and observe" before ...
Typical infections of the upper respiratory tract include tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, certain influenza types, and the common cold. [3] Symptoms of URIs can include cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, headache, low-grade fever, facial pressure, and sneezing. [4] [5]
Treatment comprises symptomatic support usually via analgesics for headache, sore throat, and muscle aches. [13] Moderate exercise in sedentary subjects with a naturally acquired URTI probably does not alter the overall severity and duration of the illness. [14] No randomized trials have been conducted to ascertain benefits of increasing fluid ...