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Brown (1973) lists an average venom yield of 364 mg (dried) and LD 50 values of 4.0, 3.7 mg/kg IV, 6.0, 7.0, 6.7 mg/kg IP and 21.2 mg/kg SC for toxicity. [ 18 ] However, Norris (2004) warned this species has a relatively large venom yield containing high levels of proteolytic enzymes , especially in the adults.
Rattlesnake venom is a mixture of five to fifteen enzymes, various metal ions, biogenic amines, lipids, free amino acids, proteins, and polypeptides. More specifically, there are three main families of toxins in rattlesnakes: phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs), and snake venom serine proteinases (SVSPs). [49]
Vipera berus - Venom delivery apparatus. Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva [1] containing zootoxins that facilitates in the immobilization and digestion of prey. This also provides defense against threats. Snake venom is usually injected by unique fangs during a bite, though some species are also able to spit venom. [2]
The venom breaks down protein in the region of the bite, making prey easier to digest. The process by which a haemotoxin causes death is much slower than that of a neurotoxin . Snakes which envenomate a prey animal may have to track the prey as it flees.
[27] [28] However, because of its large venom glands and specialized fangs, the western diamondback rattlesnake can deliver a large amount of venom in a single bite. The average venom yield per bite is usually between 250 and 350 mg, with a maximum of 700–800 mg. [5] [29] Severe envenomation is rare but possible, and can be lethal. Mortality ...
The venom of the C. molossus is primarily hemotoxic, like that of most crotalids. However, it is only about two-thirds as toxic as western diamondback venom and is generally not fatal to humans. CroFab antivenom is often used to treat bites. Crotalus molossus has larger venom glands than most rattlesnakes in its region. Because its venom is ...
The comparatively low venom yield (6.4–11 mg dried venom) and short 4.0 mm (0.40 cm) to 4.6 mm (0.46 cm) fangs of the tiger rattlesnake possibly prevent severe envenoming in adult humans. However, the clinical picture could be much more serious if the person bitten was a child or a slight build individual.
Though these bites are painful, they are not considered life-threatening to people or pets. [ 8 ] Brown (1973) gives an average venom yield of 18 mg (dried venom) (Klauber, 1956) and LD 50 values of 2.8,12.6 mg/kg IV , 6.0,6.8 mg/kg IP and 24.2 mg/kg SC for toxicity.