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Everyday clocks such as wristwatches have finite precision. Eventually they require correction to remain accurate. The rate of drift depends on the clock's quality, sometimes the stability of the power source, the ambient temperature, and other subtle environmental variables. Thus the same clock can have different drift rates at different ...
Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks. Even when initially set accurately, real clocks will differ after some amount of time due to clock drift , caused by clocks counting time at slightly different rates.
In digital transmission, bit slip is the loss or gain of a bit or bits, caused by clock drift – variations in the respective clock rates of the transmitting and receiving devices. One cause of bit slip is overflow of a receive buffer that occurs when the transmitter's clock rate exceeds that of the receiver.
That is, clocks at higher altitude tick faster than clocks on Earth's surface. This effect has been confirmed in many tests of general relativity, such as the Pound–Rebka experiment and Gravity Probe A. In the Hafele–Keating experiment, there was a slight increase in gravitational potential due to altitude that tended to speed the clocks ...
Atomic clocks are installed at sites of time signal radio transmitters. [113] They are used at some long-wave and medium-wave broadcasting stations to deliver a very precise carrier frequency. [114] Atomic clocks are used in many scientific disciplines, such as for long-baseline interferometry in radio astronomy. [115]
That is, after some time the clock "drifts apart" or gradually desynchronizes from the other clock. All clocks are subject to drift, causing eventual divergence unless resynchronized. In particular, the drift of crystal-based clocks used in computers requires some synchronization mechanism for any high-speed communication.
With this method the average cancels out individual clock's tendencies to drift. Gusella and Zatti released results involving 15 computers whose clocks were synchronised to within about 20-25 milliseconds using their protocol. Computer systems normally avoid rewinding their clock when they receive a negative clock alteration from the leader.
Timing failure is a failure of a process, or part of a process, in a synchronous distributed system or real-time system to meet limits set on execution time, message delivery, clock drift rate, or clock skew. Asynchronous distributed systems cannot be said to have timing failures as guarantees are not provided for response times.