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In Queensland, the relevant act for good behaviour bonds is the Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 (Qld). [6] Section 19(1)(b) states that "The court may make an order that the offender be released...on the conditions that the offender must be of good behaviour and appear for conviction and sentence if called on at any time during such period". [7]
For example, if a crime was committed in New South Wales worth 100 units, the fine would be 100 × $110 = $11,000. Prior to the introduction of penalty units, fines and other charges were usually prescribed in terms of ordinary money. However, the effects of inflation meant that originally substantial penalties eventually lost their worth ...
The Constitution of Australia contains no specific provision permitting the Commonwealth Parliament to pass bills of attainder. The High Court of Australia has ruled that bills of attainder are unconstitutional, because it is a violation of the separation of powers doctrine for any body to wield judicial power other than a Chapter III court—that is, a body exercising power derived from ...
With the passage of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 Congress enacted mandatory minimum sentences for drugs, including marijuana, with 2-5 years for a first offence and 5-10 years for a second. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 also implemented mandatory sentencing for offences related to cocaine. [ 6 ]
The sentences of condemnation are also classified by the penalty they determine: sentence of reclusion, sentence of fee, sententia agendi, sentence that impose a determined action or a series of action as a penalty for the illegal act. This kind of sentence became better developed and remained in wider use in common law systems.
Among other important legislation is the Bail Act 2013, [15] Uniform Evidence Act 1995 [16] and the Customs Act 1901. [ 17 ] Prosecution of criminal offences is subject to the Law Enforcement (Powers and Responsibilities) Act 2002, [ 18 ] which sets out the limits of police powers.
In Australia, suspended sentences are commonly imposed in order to alleviate the strain on overcrowded prisons. For example, an individual may be sentenced to a six-month jail term, wholly suspended for six months; if they commit any other offence during that year, the original jail term is immediately applied in addition to any other sentence.
A sentence can take a number of forms, such as loss of privileges (e.g. driving), house arrest, community service, probation, fines and imprisonment. Collectively, these sentences are referred to as direct consequences – those intended by the judge, and frequently mandated at least in part by an applicable law or statute.