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The pastern is a part of the leg of a horse between the fetlock and the top of the hoof.It incorporates the long pastern bone (proximal phalanx) and the short pastern bone (middle phalanx), which are held together by two sets of paired ligaments to form the pastern joint (proximal interphalangeal joint).
Skeleton of the lower forelimb. Each forelimb of the horse runs from the scapula or shoulder blade to the third phalanx (coffin or pedal) bones. In between are the humerus (arm), radius (forearm), elbow joint, ulna (elbow), carpus (knee) bones and joint, large metacarpal (cannon), small metacarpal (splint), sesamoid, fetlock joint, first phalanx (long pastern), pastern joint, second phalanx ...
Pastern: the connection between the coronet and the fetlock, made up of the middle and proximal phalanx Poll : commonly refers to the poll joint at the beginning of the neck, immediately behind the ears, a slight depression at the joint where the atlas (C1) meets the occipital crest ; anatomically, the occipital crest itself is the "poll"
Hip joint : Ball-and-socket joint made up of the acetabulum of the pelvis and the femur. It is very stable. Stifle joint (femoropatellar joint): actually composed of three joint compartments: the femoropatellar joint, the medial femorotibial joint, and the lateral femorotibial joint, which are stabilized by a network of ligaments. The stifle ...
In horses and other odd-toed ungulates it is the third phalanx, or "P3"; in even-toed ungulates such as cattle, it is the third and fourth (P3 and P4). The coffin bone meets the short pastern bone or second phalanx at the coffin joint. [1] The coffin bone is connected to the inner wall of the horse hoof by a structure called the laminar layer.
The protests by the 50501 Movement come days after rallies in opposition of Trump's immigration policies were held across the country.
About 2 million baked goods sold nationwide — including some doughnuts and coffee rolls purchased at Dunkin' — were recalled last month due to concerns the products might be contaminated with ...
Osteoarthritis (the endstage of degenerative joint disease) of the pastern or coffin joint is a very common cause of articular ringbone. Bone is then produced to try to immobilize the joint and to relieve the chronic inflammation of the joint capsule. This process may take years, and lameness will continue until the joint is completely immobilized.