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Iodinated contrast is a form of water-soluble, intravenous radiocontrast agent containing iodine, which enhances the visibility of vascular structures and organs during radiographic procedures. Some pathologies, such as cancer , have particularly improved visibility with iodinated contrast.
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.
Various sorts of iodinated contrast agents exist, with variations occurring between the osmolarity, viscosity and absolute iodine content. Non-ionic dimers are favored for their low osmolarity and low toxicity, but have a correspondingly higher cost attached to their use. [2]
Contrast CT, or contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), is X-ray computed tomography (CT) using radiocontrast. Radiocontrasts for X-ray CT are generally iodine-based types . [ 1 ] This is useful to highlight structures such as blood vessels that otherwise would be difficult to delineate from their surroundings.
MRI contrast agents may be administered by injection into the blood stream or orally, depending on the subject of interest. Oral administration is well suited to gastrointestinal tract scans, while intravascular administration proves more useful for most other scans. MRI contrast agents can be classified [2] by their: Chemical composition
Overall reactions occur in 1 to 3% with nonionic contrast and 4 to 12% of people with ionic contrast. [175] Skin rashes may appear within a week to 3% of people. [174] The old radiocontrast agents caused anaphylaxis in 1% of cases while the newer, low-osmolar agents cause reactions in 0.01–0.04% of cases.
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Allergies to povidone-iodine or shellfish do not affect the risk of side effects more than other allergies. [6] Use in the later part of pregnancy may cause hypothyroidism in the baby. [7] Iohexol is an iodinated non-ionic radiocontrast agent. [4] It is in the low osmolar family. [8] Iohexol was approved for medical use in 1985. [9]