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The term pessimism derives from the Latin word pessimus, meaning 'the worst'.It was first used by Jesuit critics of Voltaire's 1759 novel Candide, ou l'Optimisme.Voltaire was satirizing the philosophy of Leibniz who maintained that this was the 'best (optimum) of all possible worlds'.
As thoughts, content of consciousness, awareness (malay) As intelligence (talino), wisdom (karunungan) As reasoning (katuwiran) Intelligence, skill, critically analyze (logic) faithful to what they know to be true, reality (katotohanan) As one's affirmation/stand (paninindigan) - action of one's thoughts; there is a moral aspect to these actions
According to Aaron Beck's cognitive model, a negative outlook on reality, sometimes called negative schemas (or schemata), is a factor in symptoms of emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. [2]
Negative emotions about the trauma, such as ongoing shame, guilt, or anger Feeling isolated socially An inability to enjoy things once enjoyed and not being able to feel positive emotions
Research shows replacing negative thoughts with positive thoughts can help reduce stress and anxiety while encouraging a more positive mindset. It has a psychological fake-it-till-you-make-it effect.
The Icelandic character laments the "wretched life of the world" and "the suffering and death of all the beings which compose it", with no respite or escape from such universal torment. [85]: 79 [76] Leopardi, through this character, rejects the idea that nature is benevolent or that wild animals live in a state of happiness and contentment.
Frequently grouped with shame and guilt, embarrassment is considered a "self-conscious emotion", and it can have a profoundly negative impact on a person's thoughts or behavior. [1] Usually, some perception of loss of honor or dignity (or other high-value ideals) is involved, but the embarrassment level and the type depends on the situation.
Fear of the unknown or irrational fear is caused by negative thinking which arises from anxiety accompanied by a subjective sense of apprehension or dread. [23] Irrational fear shares a common neural pathway with other fears, a pathway that engages the nervous system to mobilize bodily resources in the face of danger or threat.