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Troponin T (blue) anchors the complex on tropomyosin. Troponin is found in both skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but the specific versions of troponin differ between types of muscle. The main difference is that the TnC subunit of troponin in skeletal muscle has four calcium ion-binding sites, whereas in cardiac muscle there are only three.
Test Sensitivity and specificity Approximate peak Description Troponin test: The most sensitive and specific test for myocardial damage. Because it has increased specificity compared with CK-MB, troponin is composed of 3 proteins- Troponin C, Cardic troponin I, and Cardiac troponin T. Troponin I especially has a high affinity for myocardial injury.
Troponin I is a biomarker that responds to treatment interventions. Reductions in troponin I levels proved to reduce the risk of future CVD. [23] [24] [25] High sensitive troponin I used as a screening tool to assess a person's cardiovascular risk and has the potential to reduce the growing cost burden of the healthcare system. [26]
The function of TnI is to control striated muscle contraction and relaxation. Troponin I interacts with all major regulatory proteins in the sarcomeric thin filaments of cardiac and skeletal muscles: troponin C, troponin T, tropomyosin and actin. When cytosolic Ca 2+ is low, TnI binds the thin filament to block the myosin binding sites on actin.
Troponin T binds to tropomyosin and helps position it on actin, [2] and together with the rest of the troponin complex, modulates contraction of striated muscle. [3] The cardiac subtype of troponin T is especially useful in the laboratory diagnosis of heart attack because it is released into the blood-stream when damage to heart muscle occurs. [4]
Calcium sensitizers function by binding to cardiac troponin C, thereby enhancing the sensitivity of heart muscle cells to naturally occurring calcium ions. [51] This heightened sensitivity fosters a more efficient interaction between calcium and the contractile apparatus of the heart muscle. [ 52 ]
Slow skeletal muscle troponin T (sTnT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNT1 gene. [5] [6]The TNNT1 gene is located at 19q13.4 in the human chromosomal genome, encoding the slow twitch skeletal muscle isoform of troponin T (ssTnT). ssTnT is an ~32-kDa protein consisting of 262 amino acids (including the first methionine) with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.95.
Troponin I, cardiac muscle is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TNNI3 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It is a tissue-specific subtype of troponin I , which in turn is a part of the troponin complex . The TNNI3 gene encoding cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is located at 19q13.4 in the human chromosomal genome.