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The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit (in case citations, 9th Cir.) is the U.S. federal court of appeals that has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts for the following federal judicial districts: District of Alaska; District of Arizona; Central District of California; Eastern District of California
United States v. Kilbride, 584 F.3d 1240 (9th Cir. 2009) is a case from the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit rejecting an appeal from two individuals convicted of violating the Can Spam Act and United States obscenity law.
The United States courts of appeals are considered the most powerful and influential courts in the United States after the Supreme Court. Because of their ability to set legal precedent in regions that cover millions of Americans, the United States courts of appeals have strong policy influence on U.S. law.
The case is illustrative of the modern trend to weaken the mens rea requirement for criminal liability in regulatory offenses or crimes relating to public safety. This case is noteworthy because it has been cited in at least sixteen subsequent legal opinions—not only in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, [5] but also in the Second Circuit ...
Miller was born in Oak Park, Illinois.He studied physics at Harvard University, graduating in 1996 with a Bachelor of Arts, magna cum laude. [1] [2] [3] He then attended the University of Chicago Law School, where he served as a topics and comments editor of the University of Chicago Law Review and graduated in 1999 with a Juris Doctor with highest honors and Order of the Coif membership.
In the 1977 case Abood v.Detroit Board of Education, the Supreme Court upheld the maintaining of a union shop in a public workplace. Public school teachers in Detroit had sought to overturn the requirement that they pay fees equivalent to union dues on the grounds that they opposed public sector collective bargaining and objected to the ideological activities of the union.
Danielle Jo Forrest, formerly known as Danielle Jo Hunsaker (born June 24, 1977), [1] [2] is a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Forrest was previously an Oregon state court judge for the Washington County Circuit Court from 2017 to 2019.
William Alan Fletcher (born June 6, 1945) is a senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. [1] Appointed by President Bill Clinton, Fletcher was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in 1998. Fletcher is a Professor (Emeritus) at the UC Berkeley School of Law, where he still teaches federal courts. [2]