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Although it drew on older West African cults, Santeria was, as described by Clark, "a new religious system". [425] Urban-to-rural migration then spread Santería elsewhere in Cuba, [ 426 ] and in the 1930s it probably arrived in Cuba's second largest city, Santiago de Cuba , which lies at the eastern end of the island.
Afro-Cuban religious practices were often referred to as brujería ('witchcraft') and linked to criminality in the popular imagination. [ 34 ] Although religious freedom was enshrined in the Cuban constitution and Santería was never legislated against, throughout the first half of the 20th century various campaigns were launched against it. [ 35 ]
Santería initiation ceremonies derive from those in Yoruba traditional religion but is almost always carried out for adults, whereas among the Yoruba, initiation can also involve children. [8] Each initiation varies in its details, [ 9 ] although practitioners often try to ensure a veil of secrecy around the process, ensuring that the precise ...
In the religion of Santeria, the emphasis on conscious existence binds the understanding of nature, the higher powers, and the channels of lineage together through ritual practice and clairvoyance. The circle is a symbol that is divided into three sections that begin at the core with people and extend out into two other sections being ancestors ...
Ogun's centrality to the Yoruba religion has resulted in his name being retained in Santería religion, as well as the Shango religion of Trinidad and Tobago. In Santería, Ogún is syncretized with Saint Peter , James the Great , Saint Paul , Saint Michael the Archangel , and John the Baptist ; he is the deity of war and metals.
Eleguá (Legba) is known in the Dominican Republic, Haiti, Colombia, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Mexico as the orisha and "owner" of caminos, or roads and paths.Elegua is also known as a “trickster” and is portrayed as both being very young and mischievous as well as very old and wise, encompassing the varying paths and phases of fate and life.
The religion and beliefs the Yorùbá brought with them eventually became the basis for what is known as Lukumí (or Santería in Cuba). This religion spawned the creation of the first "sacred" Batá in Cuba around 1830 by a Yorùbá slave named Añabi. The batá slowly became inducted into Cuban culture, and began to take on more secular roles.
(In 1989, it was believed that more than 70 million individuals in Africa and the New World participated in Yoruba religion in one way or another.) [2] The most prevalent West African religions, both in Africa and the Americas, are often those of the Yoruba people or those that were influenced by them. These West African religions also have ...