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Nitrocellulose film on a light box, showing deterioration, from Library and Archives Canada collection. In 1855, the first human-made plastic, nitrocellulose (branded Parkesine, patented in 1862), was created by Alexander Parkes from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent.
Bernadou's colloid of nitrocellulose with ether and alcohol was formulated for the reaction pressures generated within naval artillery. [2] The colloid was extruded in dense cylinders with longitudinal perforations to decompose in accordance with Piobert's law. If all external surfaces of the grain are ignited simultaneously, the grain reacts ...
Cellulose is the raw material in the manufacture of nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) which is used in smokeless gunpowder. Pharmaceuticals: Cellulose derivatives, such as microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), have the advantages of retaining water, being a stabilizer and thickening agent , and in reinforcement of drug tablets.
Celluloids are a class of materials produced by mixing nitrocellulose and camphor, often with added dyes and other agents.Once much more common for its use as photographic film before the advent of safer methods, celluloid's common present-day uses are for manufacturing table tennis balls, musical instruments, combs, office equipment, fountain pen bodies, and guitar picks.
Nitrocellulose is guncotton, the first replacement propellant for gun powder in firearms. A can of decomposing nitrate film Film stock with a nitrate base was the first transparent flexible plasticized base commercially available, thanks to celluloid developments by John Carbutt , Hannibal Goodwin , and Eastman Kodak in the 1880s.
In 1884, Paul Vieille invented a smokeless powder called Poudre B (short for poudre blanche, white powder, as distinguished from black powder) [7]: 289–292 made from 68.2% insoluble nitrocellulose, 29.8% soluble nitrocellulose gelatinized with ether and 2% paraffin. This was adopted for the Lebel rifle chambered in 8×50mmR Lebel.
Nitrocellulose is a derivative of cellulose that is soluble in organic solvents. It is mainly used as an explosive or as a lacquer. Many early plastics, including celluloid, were made from nitrocellulose. Cellulose acetate shares many traits with viscose rayon and was formerly considered the same textile. However, rayon resists heat, while ...
Nail polish originated in China and dates back to 3000 BCE. [1] [2] ... Nitrocellulose is a film-forming polymer that is the main ingredient in most nail polishes.