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Thromboembolism is a condition in which a blood clot breaks off from its original site and travels through the bloodstream (as an embolus) to obstruct a blood vessel, causing tissue ischemia and organ damage. Thromboembolism can affect both the venous and arterial systems, with different clinical manifestations and management strategies.
DVT and PE are the two manifestations of the cardiovascular disease venous thromboembolism (VTE). [2] VTE can occur as DVT only, DVT with PE, or PE only. [3] About two-thirds of VTE manifests as DVT only, with one-third manifesting as PE with or without DVT. [12] VTE, along with superficial vein thrombosis, are common types of venous thrombosis ...
[14] [15] Aortic thrombosis does occasionally occur in dogs, but here the thrombi arise directly at the aortic branch; as a thromboembolic event, as in cats, they are extremely rare. [16] There are also isolated case reports of thromboembolism in the domestic horse, [17] whereas in other species they are of no practical significance. In ...
While venous thrombosis of the legs is the most common form, venous thrombosis may occur in other veins. These may have particular specific risk factors: [5] Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, cavernous sinus thrombosis and jugular vein thrombosis: thrombosis of the veins of the brain and head
Anticoagulation is recommended for patients with lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis at increased risk for thromboembolism (affected venous segment of ≥5 cm, in proximity to deep venous system, positive medical risk factors). [20] Treatment with fondaparinux reduces the risk of subsequent venous thromboembolism. [21]
Long-term risk factors must be considered as well, to include life expectancy of more than six months following insertion, and the ability of the patient to comply with anticoagulation therapy. [5] The decision to use a filter that is temporary vs permanent basically is tied to the expected duration of time that protection is needed to prevent ...
Symptoms of a DVT will include unilateral leg swelling and pain, warmth, and redness of the affected area. [9] This is due to the blockage of blood attempting to return to the heart through the venous system. Additional findings in a patient with a paradoxical embolism will be dependent upon where the emboli lodges and disrupts blood flow.
These risk factors include age, cancer, history of thromboembolism, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptive medications (containing estrogen), [4] hormone replacement therapy, recent surgery, and certain autoimmune diseases (especially Behçet's and Buerger's diseases). [3] Other risk factors include immobilization (stasis) and laparoscopy. [1]