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A reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme used to convert RNA genome to DNA, a process termed reverse transcription.Reverse transcriptases are used by viruses such as HIV, COVID-19, and hepatitis B to replicate their genomes, by retrotransposon mobile genetic elements to proliferate within the host genome, and by eukaryotic cells to extend the telomeres at the ends of their linear chromosomes.
After understanding that these proteins serve to splice introns out of RNA, [12] [13] Lambowitz also discovered that the protein is capable of reverse transcriptase type functions in order to insert introns into host DNA. [14] This discovery was crucial in understanding how these introns carried through ancestral lineage. Also, an important ...
Later that year, Temin showed that certain tumor viruses carried the enzymatic ability to reverse the flow of information from RNA back to DNA using reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase was also independently and simultaneously discovered in association with the murine leukemia virus by David Baltimore at the Massachusetts Institute of ...
[16] [20] He went on to discover reverse transcriptase (RTase or RT) – the enzyme that polymerizes DNA from an RNA template. In doing so, he discovered a distinct class of viruses, later called retroviruses, that use an RNA template to catalyze synthesis of viral DNA. [21]
Howard Temin (1934–1994), US geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of reverse transcriptase Alan Templeton (born c. 1948), US geneticist and biostatistician, molecular evolution, evolutionary biology
Retroviruses were shown to have a single-stranded RNA genome and to replicate via a DNA intermediate, the reverse of the usual DNA-to-RNA transcription pathway. They encode a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) that is essential for this process. Some retroviruses can cause diseases, including several that are associated with ...
Reverse transcriptase (RT) is an enzyme that controls the replication of the genetic material of HIV and other retroviruses. [1] The enzyme has two enzymatic functions. Firstly it acts as a polymerase where it transcribes the single-stranded RNA genome into single-stranded DNA and subsequently builds a complementary strand o
A highly evolved [vague] RNA polymerase ribozyme was able to function as a reverse transcriptase, that is, it can synthesize a DNA copy using an RNA template. [36] Such an activity is considered [by whom?] to have been crucial for the transition from RNA to DNA genomes during the early history of life on earth. Reverse transcription capability ...
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