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Ethanol-water mixtures have less volume than the sum of their individual components at the given fractions. Mixing equal volumes of ethanol and water results in only 1.92 volumes of mixture. [76] [81] Mixing ethanol and water is exothermic, with up to 777 J/mol [82] being released at 298 K. Hydrogen bonding in solid ethanol at −186 °C
The term ethanol was invented in 1892, blending "ethane" with the "-ol" ending of "alcohol", which was generalized as a libfix. [ 18 ] The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks .
Excess volume of the mixture of ethanol and water (volume contraction) Heat of mixing of the mixture of ethanol and water Vapor–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including azeotrope) Solid–liquid equilibrium of the mixture of ethanol and water (including eutecticum) Miscibility gap in the mixture of dodecane and ethanol
This diagram was created with an unknown SVG tool. Rohdaten aus Ernest W. Flick: Industrial Solvents Handbook, Fifth Edition, Noyes Data Corporation (ndc), Westwood, NJ/USA, 1998, S. 252, ISBN 0-8175-1413-1 Invalid ISBN
English: Solid - liquid phase diagram of ethanol water mixtures (melting points, freezing points) Deutsch: Fest - flüssig - Phasendiagramm von Ethanol/Wasser-Gemischen Français : Diagramme de phase solide - liquide de mélanges eau/éthanol (points de fusion, points de solidification)
Scientific evidence reveals that water is an inhibitor for corrosion by ethanol. [6] The experiments are done with E50, which is more aggressive and speeds up the corrosion effect. It is very clear that by increasing the amount of water in fuel ethanol one can reduce corrosion. At 2% or 20,000 ppm water in the ethanol fuel the corrosion stopped.
The vehicle would include a tank for a blend of water and ethanol, which is fed into an onboard reformer that splits it into pure hydrogen and carbon dioxide. According to Nissan, the liquid fuel could be an ethanol-water blend at a 55:45 ratio. Nissan expects to commercialize its technology by 2020. [61]
Growing feedstocks consumes most of the water associated with ethanol production. Corn consumes from 500–2,000 litres (110–440 imp gal; 130–530 US gal) of water per liter of ethanol, mostly for evapotranspiration. [158] In general terms, both corn and switchgrass require less irrigation than other fuel crops.