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The earlier term for the discipline was "political economy", but since the late 19th century, it has commonly been called "economics". [22] The term is ultimately derived from Ancient Greek οἰκονομία (oikonomia) which is a term for the "way (nomos) to run a household (oikos)", or in other words the know-how of an οἰκονομικός (oikonomikos), or "household or homestead manager".
An economic system, or economic order, [1] is a system of production, resource allocation and distribution of goods and services within a society. It includes the combination of the various institutions , agencies, entities, decision-making processes, and patterns of consumption that comprise the economic structure of a given community.
In an economy, production, consumption and exchange are carried out by three basic economic units: the firm, the household, and the government. Firms Firms make production decisions. These include what goods to produce, how these goods are to be produced and what prices to charge.
In the late 1950s, the economic growth in America and Europe—often called Wirtschaftswunder (German for economic miracle) —brought up a new form of economy: mass consumption economy. In 1958, John Kenneth Galbraith (1908–2006) was the first to speak of an affluent society in his book The Affluent Society. [21]
Quite generally, 'mere economic' power, and especially 'naked' money power, is by no means a recognized basis or social honor". [ 6 ] Note: The German word Stand , plural Stände (English, "status" or "status group") is sometimes left untranslated in Weber, [ 9 ] in order to keep in view the origins of this concept in medieval guilds ...
Property rights can be viewed as an attribute of an economic good. This attribute has three broad components, [3] [4] [5] and is often referred to as a bundle of rights in the United States: [6] the right to use the good; the right to earn income from the good
The triple bottom line (or otherwise noted as TBL or 3BL) is an accounting framework with three parts: social, environmental (or ecological) and economic. Some organizations have adopted the TBL framework to evaluate their performance in a broader perspective to create greater business value. [ 1 ]
An economic model is a theoretical construct representing economic processes by a set of variables and a set of logical and/or quantitative relationships between them. The economic model is a simplified, often mathematical, framework designed to illustrate complex processes.