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Separation of duties (SoD), also known as segregation of duties, is the concept of having more than one person required to complete a task. It is an administrative control used by organisations to prevent fraud , sabotage , theft , misuse of information, and other security compromises.
When treated as a partial order, the role hierarchy example given above could be extended to a role such as ‘branch manager’ to inherit all permissions of ‘savings manager’, ‘loan manager’, and ‘accountant’. Complications can arise when constraints such as separation of duties exist between roles. If separation of duty was used ...
A constraint places a restrictive rule on the potential inheritance of permissions from opposing roles. Thus it can be used to achieve appropriate separation of duties. For example, the same person should not be allowed to both create a login account and to authorize the account creation. Thus, using set theory notation:
The segregation of duties plays an important role. In this way, strict control is kept over system software and data, keeping in mind functional division of labor between all classes of employees. References
Per US Air Force Instruction (AFI) 91-104, "the two-person concept" is designed to prevent accidental or malicious launch of nuclear weapons by a single individual. [1]In the case of Minuteman missile launch crews, once a launch order is received, both operators must agree that it is valid by comparing the authorization code in the order against a Sealed Authenticator (a special sealed ...
Internal control involves human action, which introduces the possibility of errors in prosecution or trial. Internal control can also be overridden by collusion among employees (see separation of duties) or coercion by senior management. The magazine CFO reported that companies are struggling to apply the complex model provided by COSO. "One of ...
If you've been having trouble with any of the connections or words in Tuesday's puzzle, you're not alone and these hints should definitely help you out. Plus, I'll reveal the answers further down. ...
The principle of separation of duty requires that the certifier of a transaction and the implementer be different entities. The model contains a number of basic constructs that represent both data items and processes that operate on those data items. The key data type in the Clark–Wilson model is a Constrained Data Item (CDI).