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Water-powered automatic castle clock of Al-Jazari, 12th century. The most sophisticated water-powered astronomical clock was Al-Jazari's castle clock, considered by some to be an early example of a programmable analog computer, in 1206. [41] It was a complex device that was about 11 feet (3.4 m) high, and had multiple functions alongside ...
It may be the first known literary description of a mechanical clock. [93] There are references to house clocks from 1314 onwards; by 1325 the development of the mechanical clock can be assumed to have occurred. [94] Large mechanical clocks were built that were mounted in towers so as to ring the bell directly.
The verge escapement mechanism appeared during the surge of true mechanical clock development, which did not need any kind of fluid power, like water or mercury, to work. These mechanical clocks were intended for two main purposes: for signalling and notification (e.g., the timing of services and public events) and for modeling the solar system.
The elephant clock in a manuscript by Al-Jazari (1206 AD) from The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices. [1] The elephant clock was a model of water clock invented by the medieval Islamic engineer Ismail al-Jazari (1136–1206). Its design was detailed in his book, The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices.
c. 3500 BC - Egyptian obelisks are among the earliest shadow clocks. [1] c. 1500 BC - The oldest of all known sundials, dating back to the 19th Dynasty. [2] c. 500 BC - A shadow clock is developed similar in shape to a bent T-square. [3] 3rd century BC - Berossos invents the hemispherical sundial. [4] 270 BCE - Ctesibius builds a water clock.
The same timeline seems to apply in Europe, where mechanical escapements were used in clocks by that time. Up to the 15th century, clockwork was driven by water, weights, or other roundabout, relatively primitive means, but in 1430 a clock was presented to Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, that was driven by a spring. This became a standard ...
There is a full description of the clock in the treatise Ktab 'Amal al-sa'at wa-l-amal biha (On the Construction of Clocks and their Use) written by Ridwan b. al Saati in 1203. This treatise describes the reconstruction by Ridwan of the water clock which was built by his father, Muhammad al-Saati, in the reign of Nur al-Din Mahmud b.
In addition to being a mechanical engineer and government official, Lingzan was also an active scholar and artist. He wrote The Five-Planet and Twenty-eight Constellation Deities ( Chinese : 五星二十八宿神形 ; pinyin : wǔxīng èrshíbāxiù shénxíng ), of which a Song dynasty copy resides in the collection of the Osaka City Art Museum.