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The dog's footpad is a fatty tissue locomotive-supporting organ, present at the bottom of the four legs, consisting of digital pads, a metacarpal pad, and a carpal pad, with dewclaw near the footpad. [26] When a dog's footpad is exposed to the cold, heat loss is prevented by an adaptation of the blood system that recirculates heat back into the ...
A dog's tail is the terminal appendage of the vertebral column, which is made up of a string of 5 to 23 vertebrae enclosed in muscles and skin that support the dog's back extensor muscles. One of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state. [ 53 ]
Canidae (/ ˈ k æ n ɪ d iː /; [3] from Latin, canis, "dog") is a biological family of dog-like carnivorans, colloquially referred to as dogs, and constitutes a clade. A member of this family is also called a canid (/ ˈ k eɪ n ɪ d /). [4] The family includes three subfamilies: the Caninae, and the extinct Borophaginae and Hesperocyoninae. [5]
Scottie dog sign is a radiological sign which refers to the appearance of lumbar spine in oblique view X-ray. [1] In the X-ray, the spine can be visualised as the lateral view of a Scottie dog, [2] with the pedicle as the eye, the transverse process as the nose, the superior articular facet as the ear and the inferior articular facet as the front leg, spinous process as the body.
The hypaxial muscles are located on the ventral side of the body, often below the horizontal septum in many species (primarily fish and amphibians). In all species, the hypaxial muscles are innervated by the ventral ramus (branch) of the spinal nerves, while the epaxial muscles are innervated by the dorsal ramus.
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Dog paw. The paw of the dog has a digitigrade orientation. The vertical columnar orientation of the proximal bones of the limbs, which articulate with distal foot structures that are arranged in quasi-vertical columnar orientation, is well-aligned to transmit loadings during weight-bearing contact of the skeleton with the ground.