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These amphibians usually sequester toxins from animals and plants on which they feed, commonly from poisonous insects or poisonous plants. Except certain salamandrid salamanders that can extrude sharp venom-tipped ribs, [1] [2] and two species of frogs with venom-tipped bone spurs on their skulls, amphibians are not known to actively inject venom.
Insects have a wide variety of predators, including birds, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, carnivorous plants, and other arthropods.The great majority (80–99.99%) of individuals born do not survive to reproductive age, with perhaps 50% of this mortality rate attributed to predation. [1]
Mobbing is usually done to protect the young in social colonies. For example, red colobus monkeys exhibit mobbing when threatened by chimpanzees, a common predator. The male red colobus monkeys group together and place themselves between predators and the group's females and juveniles. The males jump together and actively bite the chimpanzees. [52]
By 10 p.m. Wednesday, the Harris Center scientists recorded 263 spring peepers, 97 wood frogs, 12 newts and one red-backed salamander from the North Lincoln Street site — 373 amphibians in all.
Amphibians are in decline worldwide, with 2 out of every 5 species threatened by extinction, according to a paper published Wednesday in the scientific journal Nature.
Adult frogs do not have tails and caecilians have only very short ones. [69] Didactic model of an amphibian heart. Salamanders use their tails in defence and some are prepared to jettison them to save their lives in a process known as autotomy. Certain species in the Plethodontidae have a weak zone at the base of the tail and use this strategy ...
Some frogs protect their offspring inside their own bodies. Both male and female pouched frogs ( Assa darlingtoni ) guard their eggs, which are laid on the ground. When the eggs hatch, the male lubricates his body with the jelly surrounding them and immerses himself in the egg mass.
The most common maternal behavior among frogs is egg attendance, wherein the mother will remain near her eggs as they develop to protect them from predators. [9] A mother may also stay with her clutch in order to prevent desiccation, as she can rehydrate them by positioning themselves above the eggs, a behavior known as ventral brooding. [10]