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Common structural defects include birth defects, [6] anencephaly, and spina bifida. Children born with structural defects may have malformed limbs, heart problems, and facial abnormalities. Defects in the formation of the cerebral cortex include microgyria, polymicrogyria, bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria, and pachygyria.
Patients with spina bifida have a neural tube that has failed to completely form. This is most commonly in the lower back area in the region of the conus medullaris or cauda equina. Therefore, spina bifida affects the bowel similarly to a lower motor neuron spinal cord injury, resulting in a flaccid, unreactive rectal wall.
Spina bifida (SB; /ˌspaɪnə ˈbɪfɪdə/, [9] Latin for 'split spine') [10] is a birth defect in which there is incomplete closing of the spine and the membranes around the spinal cord during early development in pregnancy. [1] There are three main types: spina bifida occulta, meningocele and myelomeningocele. [1]
Spina bifida is the most common defect impacting the Central Nervous System (CNS). The most common and most severe form of Spina Bifida is Myelomeningocele. Individuals with Myelomeningocele are born with an incompletely fused spine, and therefore exposing the spinal cord through an opening in the back.
Amber McRae has both spina bifida and hydrocephalus, which builds up fluid in her brain. After 29 operations, the 'sassy' five-year-old hoping for a normal Christmas Skip to main content
Spina bifida; Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy; Spinal cord injury; Spinal cord tumors; Spinal muscular atrophy; Spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 1 – see Distal spinal muscular atrophy type 1; Spinocerebellar ataxia; Split-brain; Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome – see Progressive supranuclear palsy; Stiff ...
About 1 in 2,875 babies is born with spina bifida in the United States each year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Dysfunction of the bladder is also frequently seen in patients with Spina Bifida, which affects 1 in 1000 births in the United States. It has been documented that about 61% of patients with Spina Bifida have some form of urinary incontinence. Around 70-80% of patients with spinal cord injury have degrees of bladder dysfunction. [26]