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Zhu Yuanzhang sets up a school with a teaching staff of "Erudites" (boshi) [13] 1367: October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang's army under Zhu Liangzi takes Taizhou [14] 1 October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou and Zhang Shicheng hangs himself; [15] 2,400 large and small cannons are deployed by the Ming army at the siege ...
23 January – Zhu Yuanzhang claims the Mandate of Heaven and establishes the Ming dynasty, becoming Hongwu Emperor. Zhu sends an army toward the Yuan capital, Khanbaliq (present-day Beijing ). [ 1 ]
Zhu Yuanzhang was a penniless peasant and Buddhist monk who joined the Red Turbans in 1352, but soon gained a reputation after marrying the foster daughter of a rebel commander. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In 1356 Zhu's rebel force captured the city of Nanjing , [ 14 ] which he would later establish as the capital of the Ming dynasty.
The Ming dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor. The longest-reigning emperor of the dynasty was the Wanli Emperor ( r. 1572–1620 ), who ruled for 48 years; the shortest was his successor, the Taichang Emperor , who ruled for only 29 days in 1620.
Zhu Yuanzhang [3] (the future Hongwu Emperor, leading the faction known as "Ming", fought a protracted war against the faction of Chen Youliang for supremacy over the former territories controlled by the Red Turbans [4]
Prior to this, Zhu was the leader of the Red Turbans and had been appointed as the Duke of Wu (吳國公) by the emperor of the rebel Song dynasty, Han Lin'er, in 1361. [4] (Wu was the name of an ancient state and later the region on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.) On 4 February 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself the King of Wu ...
In 1363, Zhu Yuanzhang eliminated his archrival and leader of the rebel Han faction, Chen Youliang, in the Battle of Lake Poyang, arguably the largest naval battle in history. Known for its ambitious use of fire ships , Zhu's force of 200,000 Ming sailors were able to defeat a Han rebel force over triple their size, claimed to be 650,000-strong.
After joining the rebels, he went by the name Zhu Yuanzhang. His father, Zhu Wusi, lived in Nanjing but fled to the countryside to avoid tax collectors. His paternal grandfather was a gold miner, and his maternal grandfather was a fortune-teller and seer. In 1344, during a plague epidemic, Zhu Yuanzhang's parents and two brothers died.