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Delocalizing the radical ion stabilizes the transition state structure. As a result, the energy of activation decreases, enhancing the rate of the overall reaction. According to the captodative effect, the rate of a reaction is the greatest when both the EDG and EWG are able to delocalize the radical ion in the transition state structure. [7]
Gerschenkron effect (economic development) (economic systems) (economics and finance) (econometrics) (index numbers) (national accounts)r; Giant magnetoresistive effect (condensed matter physics) (electric and magnetic fields in matter) (quantum electronics) (spintronics) Gibbons–Hawking effect (general relativity)
The EWG studies examines ecological, technological and economic connections in the energy sector to estimate developments in the availability and supply of different energy sources and production techniques. The results of the EWG studies are to be presented not only to experts but also to the politically interested public.
An electron donating group (EDG) or electron releasing group (ERG, Z in structural formulas) is an atom or functional group that donates some of its electron density into a conjugated π system via resonance (mesomerism) or inductive effects (or induction)—called +M or +I effects, respectively—thus making the π system more nucleophilic.
The following is a list of Clarivate Citation Laureates considered likely to win the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. [1] Since 2024, thirteen of the 93 citation laureates selected starting in 2008 have eventually been awarded a Nobel Prize: Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims (2011), Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. Shiller (2013), Angus Deaton (2015), William Nordhaus (2018 ...
Comprehensive list of papers from major computer science conferences and journals Free Leibniz Center for Informatics and University of Trier: EconBiz [38] Economics: 10,000,000 Covers journals, working papers & conferences in business studies and economics Free ZBW- German National Library of Economics– Leibniz Information Centre for ...
This is an incomplete alphabetical list by surname of notable economists, experts in the social science of economics, past and present. For a history of economics, see the article History of economic thought. Only economists with biographical articles in Wikipedia are listed here.
Announcement of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences 2008. This list of economics awards is an index to articles about notable awards for economics. The list is organized by region and country of the sponsoring organization, but awards may be given to economists from other countries.