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Newton's inequalities; Symmetric function; Fluid solutions, an article giving an application of Newton's identities to computing the characteristic polynomial of the Einstein tensor in the case of a perfect fluid, and similar articles on other types of exact solutions in general relativity.
Newton's identities express the sum of the k th powers of all the roots of a polynomial in terms of the coefficients in the polynomial. The sum of cubes of numbers in arithmetic progression is sometimes another cube. The Fermat cubic, in which the sum of three cubes equals another cube, has a general solution.
Euler proved Newton's identities, Fermat's little theorem, Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares, and made distinct contributions to the Lagrange's four-square theorem. He also invented the totient function φ(n) which assigns to a positive integer n the number of positive integers less than n and coprime to n.
Another identity is = = = (+) (), which converges for >. This follows from the general form of a Newton series for equidistant nodes (when it exists, i.e. is convergent) This follows from the general form of a Newton series for equidistant nodes (when it exists, i.e. is convergent)
He discovered Newton's identities, Newton's method, classified cubic plane curves (polynomials of degree three in two variables), made substantial contributions to the theory of finite differences, with him regarded as "the single most significant contributor to finite difference interpolation", with many formulas created by Newton. [68]
Euler's identity; Fibonacci's identity see Brahmagupta–Fibonacci identity or Cassini and Catalan identities; Heine's identity; Hermite's identity; Lagrange's identity; Lagrange's trigonometric identities; List of logarithmic identities; MacWilliams identity; Matrix determinant lemma; Newton's identity; Parseval's identity; Pfister's sixteen ...
Composed in 1669, [4] during the mid-part of that year probably, [5] from ideas Newton had acquired during the period 1665–1666. [4] Newton wrote And whatever the common Analysis performs by Means of Equations of a finite number of Terms (provided that can be done) this new method can always perform the same by means of infinite Equations.
The coefficients c i are given by the elementary symmetric polynomials of the eigenvalues of A.Using Newton identities, the elementary symmetric polynomials can in turn be expressed in terms of power sum symmetric polynomials of the eigenvalues: = = = (), where tr(A k) is the trace of the matrix A k.