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Landforms do not include several man-made features, such as canals, ports and many harbors; and geographic features, such as deserts, forests, and grasslands. Many of the terms are not restricted to refer to features of the planet Earth , and can be used to describe surface features of other planets and similar objects in the Universe .
Surface of Earth, showing higher elevations in red. Geomorphology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' μορφή (morphḗ) 'form' and λόγος 'study') [2] is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric features generated by physical, chemical or biological processes operating at or near Earth's surface.
Ria – Coastal inlet formed by the partial submergence of an unglaciated river valley; River delta – Silt deposition landform at the mouth of a river; Salt marsh – Coastal ecosystem between land and open saltwater that is regularly flooded; Sea cave – Cave formed by the wave action of the sea and located along present or former coastlines
Earth Surface Processes and Landforms is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the British Society for Geomorphology.It covers geomorphology and more in general all aspects of Earth sciences dealing with the Earth surface.
Land is often defined as the solid, dry surface of Earth. [1] The word land may also collectively refer the collective natural resources of Earth, [2] including its land cover, rivers, shallow lakes, its biosphere, the lowest layer of the atmosphere (troposphere), groundwater reserves, and the physical results of human activity on land, such as architecture and agriculture. [3]
The resulting erosional landforms include striations, cirques, glacial horns, arêtes, trim lines, U-shaped valleys, roches moutonnées, overdeepenings and hanging valleys. Striations: grooves and indentations in rock outcrops, formed by the scraping of small sediments on the bottom of a glacier across the Earth's surface. The direction of ...
Earth's atmosphere and oceans were formed by volcanic activity and outgassing. [43] Water vapor from these sources condensed into the oceans, augmented by water and ice from asteroids, protoplanets, and comets. [44] Sufficient water to fill the oceans may have been on Earth since it formed. [45]
Movements of tectonic plates create volcanoes along the plate boundaries, which erupt and form mountains. A volcanic arc system is a series of volcanoes that form near a subduction zone where the crust of a sinking oceanic plate melts and drags water down with the subducting crust. [9] The Dome of Vitosha mountain next to Sofia