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In the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, the Latin word castrum [1] (pl.: castra) was a military-related term. In Latin usage, the singular form castrum meant 'fort', while the plural form castra meant 'camp'. [2] The singular and plural forms could refer in Latin to either a building or plot of land, used as a fortified military base. [3]
The castra had a quadrangular perimeter, with rounded corners and an oblique southern side. Three sides and traces of the fourth western side are still preserved. The enclosure of the castra was incorporated into the city walls built by Emperor Aurelian in the second half of the 3rd century. The Castra Praetoria give the name to the Rione ...
Three construction phases were highlighted: [5] 1. The earthen fort, rectangular plan, 125x160m, wood and earth walls 10 m thick and 1.75 m high; simple ditches with an opening of 9-10 m and a depth of 1.50-2 m; porta praetoria on the S side; traces of barracks in the praetentura.
Remnants of the Ancient Roman Castra The Vipava Valley with Ajdovščina. Castra ad Fluvium Frigidum (Latin for 'Fortress by the Cold River'), also simply Castra (Slovene: Kastra), referred to as mutatio Castra (Castra relay station) in Itinerarium Burdigalense, was a Late-Roman fortress which constituted the centre of Claustra Alpium Iuliarum, an Ancient Roman defensive system of walls and ...
Water supply to the fortress, particularly the baths including the nearby nymphaeum and to the town was ensured by three known aqueducts, one of which was at least 9 km long and fed the distribution tank (castellum divisorum) at the south-east corner of the fortress. [17] During the late Roman period the town was enlarged by a new line of ...
The fortress of Legio II Parthica was named Albana after the area which included Lacus Albanus, Mons Albanus, aqua Albana (perhaps an aqueduct on the south side of the lake), the rivus Albanus (probably the modern marana delle Pietrare near Marino) and "Albani Longani Bovillenses", the official name of the inhabitants of the municipium of Bovillae (located on the Appian Way near the modern ...
The fortress occupies an area of 23.4 ha, belonging to the group of the medium-size legionary fortresses. The fort wall had a perimeter of almost 2 km and its construction needed circa 25000 m 3 of stone from the quarry at Sanduleşti. In the four corners of the fortress were trapezoidal-shaped bastions, and along each side was a gate.
The disposition of the castra reflects the most important zones of the empire from a military point of view. Many castra were disposed along frontiers particularly in Northern and Central Europe. Another focal point was the Eastern border, where the Roman Empire confronted one of its long-term enemies, the Persian Empire. Other castra were ...
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