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Photosynthesis (/ ˌ f oʊ t ə ˈ s ɪ n θ ə s ɪ s / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [1] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their metabolism.
This process takes place in 10 picoseconds (10 −11 seconds). [1] The charges on the P + and the BPh − could undergo charge recombination in this state, which would waste the energy and convert it into heat. Several factors of the reaction center structure serve to prevent this.
68% of the used energy is lost in conversion into d-glucose; 35–45% of the glucose is consumed by the leaf in the processes of dark and photo respiration; Stated another way: 100% sunlight → non-bioavailable photons waste is 47%, leaving; 53% (in the 400–700 nm range) → 30% of photons are lost due to incomplete absorption, leaving
The electron in the higher energy level is unstable and will quickly return to its normal lower energy level. To do this, it must release the absorbed energy. This can happen in various ways. The extra energy can be converted into molecular motion and lost as heat, or re-emitted by the electron as light (fluorescence).
This energy can be used for water heating, space heating, space cooling and process heat generation. Many steam generation systems have adapted to using sunlight as a primary source for heating feed water, a development that has greatly increased the overall efficiency of boilers and many other types of waste heat recovery systems.
Sunlight is a key factor in photosynthesis, the process used by plants and other autotrophic organisms to convert light energy, normally from the Sun, into chemical energy that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates and fuel the organisms' activities. Daylighting is the natural lighting of interior spaces by admitting sunlight.
Internal conversion is a photochemical process that converts the energy of the UV photon into small, harmless amounts of heat. If the energy of the UV photon were not transformed into heat, then it would lead to the generation of free radicals or other harmful reactive chemical species (e.g. singlet oxygen, or hydroxyl radical).
Active solar – technologies are employed to convert solar energy into another more useful form of energy (for example, to heat or electrical energy). Heliostat – a device that includes a mirror, usually a plane mirror, which turns so as to keep reflecting sunlight toward a predetermined target, compensating for the Sun's apparent motions in ...