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This state considers and until the 1990s actively asserted itself to be the continuing sole legitimate ruler of all of China, referring to the communist government or "regime" as illegitimate, a so-called "People's Republic of China" (PRC) declared in Beijing by Mao Zedong in 1949, as "mainland China" and "communist bandit". The Republic of ...
In this article, "China" refers to the modern territories controlled by the People's Republic of China (which controls Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) and the Republic of China (which controls Taiwan area). For more information, see Two Chinas, Political status of Taiwan, One-China policy, 1992 Consensus and One country, two systems.
The Republic of China's first president, Sun Yat-sen, chose Zhōnghuá Mínguó (中華民國; 'Chinese People's State') as the country's official Chinese name.The name was derived from the language of the Tongmenghui's 1905 party manifesto, which proclaimed that the four goals of the Chinese revolution were "to expel the Manchu rulers, revive China (), establish a people's state (mínguó ...
The first Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Also served as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. 2 Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 (1898–1969) Beijing At-large: 27 April 1959 21 December 1964 II: Soong Ching-ling & Dong Biwu (co-serving) Mao Zedong: 21 December 1964 31 October 1968 III
The term was first used, before the establishment of the PRC, in the late 1940s during the Chinese Civil War, to describe the Communist side to differentiate from Western bloc countries that recognized the Republic of China (ROC) as "Free China" or "Nationalist China", [39] [40] and saw great prevalence in the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. [41]
The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power 1850 to the Present (3rd ed. 2019) popular history. Garver, John W. China's Quest: The History of the Foreign Relations of the People's Republic (2nd ed. 2018) Guillermaz, Jacques. The Chinese Communist Party In Power, 1949–1976 (1977) excerpt; Hsü, Immanuel Chung-yueh.
In the same year, the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed by China and the United Kingdom, stipulating that the sovereignty and the administrative management of Hong Kong would be handed over back to China on 1 July 1997 under the "one country, two systems" framework.
This triggered debates inside China on whether the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek, the administration with the strongest claim to national leadership at the time, should declare war on Japan. [150] Chiang, despite popular disapproval, wanted to continue to focus on wiping out the Chinese Communist Party before moving on to Japan.