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Bluetooth Low Energy (Bluetooth LE, colloquially BLE, formerly marketed as Bluetooth Smart [1]) is a wireless personal area network technology designed and marketed by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG) [2] aimed at novel applications in the healthcare, fitness, beacons, [3] security, and home entertainment industries. [4]
Bluetooth 2.1 improved device pairing speed and security. Bluetooth 3.0 again improved transfer speed up to 24 Mbit/s. In 2010 Bluetooth 4.0 (Low Energy) was released with its main focus being reduced power consumption. Before Bluetooth 4.0 the majority of connections using Bluetooth were two way, both devices listen and talk to each other.
Compared to Classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy is intended to provide considerably reduced power consumption and cost while maintaining a similar communication range. In terms of lengthening the battery life of Bluetooth devices, BLE represents a significant progression.
Similar in scope to SDP but specially adapted and simplified for Low Energy Bluetooth. It allows a client to read and/or write certain attributes exposed by the server in a non-complex, low-power friendly manner. In the protocol stack, ATT is bound to L2CAP.
For the Bluetooth Low Energy stack, according to Bluetooth 4.0 a special set of profiles applies. A host operating system can expose a basic set of profiles (namely OBEX, HID and Audio Sink) and manufacturers can add additional profiles to their drivers and stack to enhance what their Bluetooth devices can do.
Bluetooth low energy devices can operate in an advertisement mode to notify nearby devices of their presence. [26] In the simplest form, an iBeacon is a Bluetooth low energy device emitting advertisements following a strict format, that being an Apple-defined iBeacon prefix, followed by a variable UUID, and a major, minor pair. [27]
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Bluetooth Mesh is a computer mesh networking standard based on Bluetooth Low Energy that allows for many-to-many communication over Bluetooth radio. The Bluetooth Mesh specifications were defined in the Mesh Profile [ 1 ] and Mesh Model [ 2 ] specifications by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (Bluetooth SIG).