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Greek numerals, also known as Ionic, Ionian, Milesian, or Alexandrian numerals, is a system of writing numbers using the letters of the Greek alphabet.In modern Greece, they are still used for ordinal numbers and in contexts similar to those in which Roman numerals are still used in the Western world.
This requires 27 letters, so the 24-letter alphabet was extended by using three obsolete letters: digamma ϝ (also used are stigma ϛ or, in modern Greek, στ) for 6, qoppa ϙ for 90, and sampi ϡ for 900. This alphabetic system operates on the additive principle in which the numeric values of the letters are added together to form the total.
The OpenType font format has the feature tag "mgrk" ("Mathematical Greek") to identify a glyph as representing a Greek letter to be used in mathematical (as opposed to Greek language) contexts. The table below shows a comparison of Greek letters rendered in TeX and HTML. The font used in the TeX rendering is an italic style.
The first examples of the Greek system date back to the 6th century BC, written with the letters of the archaic Greek script used in Ionia. [2] Other cultures in contact with Greece adopted this numerical notation, replacing the Greek letters with their own script; these included the Hebrews in the late 2nd century BC.
The letters of the alphabets involved have standard numerical values, but a word can yield several values if a cipher is used. Table of correspondences from Carl Faulmann's Das Buch der Schrift (1880), showing glyph variants for Phoenician letters and numbers
Latin and Greek letters are used in mathematics, science, engineering, and other areas where mathematical notation is used as symbols for constants, special functions, and also conventionally for variables representing certain quantities.
The Greek alphabet on a black-figure pottery vessel, with an archaic chickenfoot-shaped psi. Psi / ˈ (p) s aɪ, ˈ (p) s iː / (P)SY, (P)SEE [1] (uppercase Ψ, lowercase ψ or 𝛙; Greek: ψι psi) is the twenty-third and penultimate letter of the Greek alphabet and is associated with a numeric value of 700.
In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 50. It is derived from the Phoenician nun. Its Latin equivalent is N, though the lowercase resembles the Roman lowercase v. The name of the letter is written νῦ in Ancient Greek and traditional Modern Greek polytonic orthography, while in Modern Greek it is written νι [ni].