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The product is isolated from the mixture by the following work-up: [3] Synthesis of 4-methylcyclohexene with work-up step in red. A concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water, known as a brine solution, is added to the mixture and the layers are allowed to separate. The brine is used to remove any acid or water from the organic layer.
The protection mechanism begins with the base deprotonating the alcohol group. Next, the deprotonated alcohol group attacks the silyl atom of the silyl halide compound. The halide acts as a leaving group and ends up in solution. A workup step follows to remove any excess base within the solution. The overall reaction scheme is as follows:
Acid–base extraction is a subclass of liquid–liquid extractions and involves the separation of chemical species from other acidic or basic compounds. [1] It is typically performed during the work-up step following a chemical synthesis to purify crude compounds [2] and results in the product being largely free of acidic or basic impurities.
A workup step with acid is included to ensure formation of 2-aminopyridine. Reaction progress can be measured by the formation of hydrogen gas and red color from σ-adduct formation. [3] Sodium amide is a handy reagent for the Chichibabin reaction but handling it can be dangerous and caution is advised. [4] σ-adduct (Meisenheimer adduct) formation
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This organic reaction can be employed to convert α-haloester and ketone or aldehyde to a β-hydroxyester. Acid is needed to protonate the resulting alkoxide during work up. The initial step is an oxidative addition of zinc metal into the carbon-halogen bond, thus forming a carbon-zinc enolate.
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This reductive coupling can be viewed as involving two steps. First is the formation of a pinacolate (1,2-diolate) complex, a step which is equivalent to the pinacol coupling reaction. The second step is the deoxygenation of the pinacolate, which yields the alkene, this second step exploits the oxophilicity of titanium.