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The letters Q, W, and X are used exclusively in foreign words, and the former two are respectively replaced with KV and V once the word becomes "naturalized" (assimilated into Czech); the digraphs dz and dž are also used mostly for foreign words and are not considered to be distinct letters in the Czech alphabet.
There are 10 monophthongal and 3 diphthongal vowel phonemes in Czech: /iː ɪ ɛː ɛ aː a oː o uː u eu̯ au̯ ou̯/. Czech is a quantity language: it differentiates five vowel qualities that occur as both phonologically short and long.
Czech has one of the most phonemic orthographies of all European languages. Its alphabet contains 42 graphemes, most of which correspond to individual phonemes, [94] and only contains only one digraph: ch, which follows h in the alphabet. [95] The characters q, w and x appear only in foreign words. [96]
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Czech language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
The lowercase letter a: This letter is often handwritten as the single-storey "ɑ" (a circle and a vertical line adjacent to the right of the circle) instead of the double-storey "a" found in many fonts. (See: A#Typographic variants) The lowercase letter g: In Polish, this letter is often rendered with a straight descender without a hook or ...
Ú/ú is the 34th letter of the Czech alphabet and represents a /uː/ sound. It is always the first letter of the word except in compound words, such as "trojúhelník" triangle, which is composed of two words: "troj", which is derived from "tři" three, and "úhel", which means angle. If this sound is elsewhere in the word, letter Ů is used ...
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The basic letters of the Latin alphabet (as well as the Latin digraph ch) were to be used for writing Czech, with sound values according to the conventions of medieval Latin pronunciation in Bohemia at the time. The only difference was that the letter c was always to be used to represent the sound /ts/, and never for /k/.